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In recent years, there has been a steep rise in the number of non-linear loads connected to the electrical power network: computers, fax machines, discharge lamps, arc furnaces, battery chargers, UPS systems, electronic power supplies, etc. The consequences for the electrical power system are becoming a cause for concern due to the increasing use of such equipment, combined with the application of electronics to virtually every electrical load. Non-linear loads draw considerable distorted current which can be decomposed into harmonics.

The increasing power of the trains, the development of rail traffic and the opening of the rail network to competition are leading to more maintenance work on railway power supply stations and catenaries. Directly affected by this more intense operation, the catenary connection zones are sensitive points which need careful checking.